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THE EGYPTIAN CALENDAR

9/16/2019

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AKET-season (Inundation)
Third month: Athyr
 
Day 1—17th September: Feast of Hathor, the Mistress of Heaven. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 2 – 18th September: Return of Wedjet from Dep. [Dep is the pre-Dynastic name for Buto, of which Wedjet was the patron goddess.] Prayer or divinatory time: noon.
Day 3 – 19th September: If you see anything it will be good on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: do not observe – not a suitable day.
Day 4 – 20th September: The trembling of the earth under Nun [the god who personified the original formless ocean of Chaos]. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 5 – 21st September: Do not keep fire burning in the house on this day. The turning of the year with the Autumn (Spring in Egypt) Equinox. In Egypt traditionally the time for planting – in the Northern hemisphere, harvest and the end of summer. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 6 – 22nd September: The encouragement of the gods of the Two Lands [Set and Horus]. Prayer or divinatory time: do not observe – not a suitable day.
Day 7 – 23rd September: If you see anything it will be good on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: noon.
Day 8 – 24th September: Isis goes forth unto her son, Horus. Sun rises in Libra. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 9 – 25th September: Do not go outside on any road from your house on this day. Do not let light fall on your face until Re is set in his horizon. It is the day of blaming the great ones … who were in his presence. Prayer or divinatory time: do not observe – not a suitable day.
Day 10 – 26th September: Great rejoicing in heaven; the crew of Re are in peace, his Ennead is cheerful [lit. ‘shout loudly’]. Those in the fields are working. It is the day of judgement between Horus and Set. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 11 – 27th September: If you see anything it will be good on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: in the afternoon.
Day 12 – 28th September: Do not go to your antagonist but go to answer the neighbours [Obviously a time of strife in ancient Egypt]. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 13 – 29th September: This is the day of cutting into pieces ...This neshmet-boat of Osiris is sailing up-stream to Abydos to the great town of Onnophris. Set entered the embalming booth … to announce the god’s limbs. Then they became fresh [Opening of the Mouth Ceremony]. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 14 – 30th September: Do not do anything on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 15 – 1st October: Let a man sleep with his wife on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 16 – 2nd October: The appearance of the Great Ones of the Ogduad [The Hermopolitan group of eight deities connected to the Creation myth]. A happy day of infinity and eternity. Do not go out of your house on this day. Let not a man sleep with his wife. Prayer or divinatory time: do not observe – not a suitable day.
Day 17 – 3rd October: Landing of the Great Ones, the Upper and Lower Ones at Abydos; loud weeping and wailing by Isis and Nephthys, her sister, over Onnophris [Osiris] in Sais. The weeping and crying isheard in Abydos. Prayer or divinatory time: do not observe – not a suitable day.
Day 18 – 4th October: It is the day of strife by the children of Geb … do not approach any road for making a journey on it. Prayer or divinatory time: at dawn and in the afternoon.
Day 19 – 5th October: Beware the children of the storm … Let a man eat bread in his house. Do not go outside on the road on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 20 – 6th October: The Going Forth of Bastet. Offer to the gods on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 21 – 7th October: The Feast of Shu, son of Re. Prayer or divinatory time: in the afternoon.
Day 22 – 8th October: The raising of Ma’at in order to see Re, when she is summoned by the gods in the presence of Re. Prayer or divinatory time: in the afternoon.
Day 23 – 9th October: [Damaged] Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 24 – 10th October: Isis goes forth, her heart being happy and Nephthys being also in jubilation when they see Onnophris [Osiris]. He had given his throne to his son, Horus, in front of Re. Prayer or divinatory time: dawn.
Day 25 – 11th October: If you see anything, it will be good on this day. Do not offer to the gods on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: do not observe – not a suitable day.
Day 26 – 12th October: Establishing the Djed … of Atum in the heaven and land of Heliopolis reconciliation of the Two Lords and causing the land to be in peace. The whole of Egypt is given to Horus, and all the desert land to Set. Going forth of Thoth in order to judge in the presence of Re. Do not offer to the gods. Prayer or divinatory time: in the afternoon.
Day 27 – 13th October: Judging of Horus and Set; stopping the fighting. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 28 – 14th October: The gods are in jubilation and in joy … The land is in festivity and the gods are pleased. If you see anything, it will be good. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 29 – 15th October: The going forth of the three noble ladies in the presence of Ptah, beautiful of face, while giving praise to Re, him who belongs to the throne of truth of the temples of the goddesses. Giving the White Crown to Horus, and the Red Crown to Set. [Usually Horus represents Lower Egypt and Set Upper Egypt, so the ascription of the Crowns may seem puzzling. But as ‘all the desert land’ is assigned to Set, perhaps the association of the same word, now applies to the Red Crown, and explains the previous statement.] Do not dispute with your antagonist on this day. Prayer or divinatory time: throughout the day.
Day 30 – 16th October: If you see anything, it will be good on this day. Do not offer to the male gods. Do not offer to the goddesses on this day. House of Re, House of Osiris, House of Horus. Prayer or divinatory time: in the afternoon.

The Calendar of Ancient Egypt - the revised and expanded edition compiled by Melusine Draco, is published by Ignotus Press UK ISBN 978 1 78876 583 1.   Order direct from the publisher to qualify for the special price. 



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LIBER  AEGYPTIUS

9/7/2019

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Very  few  cultures  have  had  as  much  influence  on  present day esoteric systems and no other magical tradition has had so much rubbish written on its behalf than the Egyptian Mystery Tradition.  As German occult writer, Frater U. D. observed in one of his books: “It has become trendy to begin any exposition on secret lore with the words ‘The history of theory X is as old as mankind itself’. Not that such statements are always wrong, but there is little value in suggesting the long continuity of any tradition if it cannot be proved.”
    
Egyptologist Kurt Lange [Egypt] posed an opposing line of questioning as to whether we even see the pharaonic period with its ‘increasingly evident transformations’ in a different light to that in which it was viewed by the pioneer Egyptologists of only fifty or a hundred years ago.  And, he continued, if that is the case, does this explanation suggest that perhaps we are projecting our own essence and will into the unfathomable mystery of ancient Egypt?  “Can we of today ever penetrate to the core of the nature of an age-old creative community from a different milieu?  In our efforts to know, to explain and to feel ourselves corroborated, are we not attempting to grasp a mirage?  Every seeker after knowledge is bound to ask himself such questions before he turns to the sources.”
    
Aeron Medbh-Mara observed in her essay, Dagger & The Plough, each environment be it moor, bog, forest, heathland, fen, artic tundra, desert and mountain, etc, poses different problems for those living under such conditions. “Each had their own deities concerned with the various aspects of life, climate, circumstance and death.   True, in some case we may be faced with relatively modern landscape for, as we have colonised each area we have subtly or otherwise attempted to change this environment to meet any current need.  As these changes have come about so the interaction with the gods may have changed; perhaps even the gods themselves as they have been replaced or asked to take on ‘extra responsibilities’?”
 
At this point, the neophyte should make some attempt to clarify exactly  what  it  is  that  they  personally  expect  from  this  ancient religion.  Of the three opening observations in Part III of Liber Ægyptius,  two  of  them  have  been  taken  from  contemporary magical writings because the purpose of this book is a ‘purification of thought’ when it comes to modern Egyptian magic. But, as the Egyptologist  asks,  are we really trying to  grasp a mirage - a false image that only exists in the minds of romantics or does the essence of the Old Ways really shine through like a beacon for those willing to seek it out?
    
The reality of contemporary Egyptian magic can be proven but modern approaches to the tradition are often far from being pure and it becomes increasingly difficult to decide where fantasy and improvisation should be separated.  The most pertinent question, of course, is the one asked by Aeron Medbh-Mara in that are we asking too much from the Old Ones in expecting them to assume additional responsibility for our own spiritual short-sightedness? 
    
We,  in  the  northern  hemisphere,  are  people  of  sea, moor,  bog, forest, heathland and fen: the gods of Khem metamorphosed from a desert environment.  This immediately poses different problems for those living in northerly climes because, unlike the Egyptians, we are hampered by the widely fluctuating seasonal hours of daylight and weather conditions, which in turn interferes with traditional Egyptian religious practices.
    
Adaptations can be made, as Egyptians in exile would have needed  to  make  changes  but  these  ‘adaptations’  do  not  mean foisting bogus similarities onto indigenous deities - Bridhe is not synonymous with Isis, nor the Morrigan with Sekhmet. Needless to say, certain changes have  to be made  but in the  world of magic, trying to create an amalgam of cultural differences could result in a chimera of dangerous proportions.  In Egypt, as with all other cultures, the gods were elements abstracted from the great Being; merely forms of the male and female ‘constitutive principles’ to personify anything that may be touched or realised. They were, however, Egyptian concepts, identifying solely with the national and cultural ethos of an Egyptian people immured in a sun and Nile-based religion.  
    
It has been suggested that our ‘conceptual inadequacy’ over matters Egyptian stems from  a need to  assimilate its underlying religious structure to more identifiable features of the contemporary world. “Egypt becomes acceptable only when fitted out with the identity we, applying our modes of thinking and being, foist upon it ... We are less interested in acquiring knowledge of Egypt than in recognising ourselves in Egypt,” shrewdly observed Christine Favard-Meeks.
    
Parts I and II of Liber Ægyptius have drawn heavily on historical sources since these  can be proven  to a reasonable degree of satisfaction to both academic and magician.   And, in order to keep those sources as pure as possible, very few texts written after the New Kingdom have been included.   This still leaves the Adept with an  enormous  deficit  on  magical  working  methods  since, despite the vast quantity of accessible magico-religious writings, there is little evidence of exactly how the priesthood approached magic and religion.  What methods were used?  Which form, if any, of psychic protection did they employ during ritual working?  Were their devices for raising magical energy any different to ours?     
    
This is why we need to know Egypt.  To understand the social and historical implications behind changes in worship throughout the 5000 years of civilisation; to identify the different types of god-power with which we, as individuals, can empathise.  We can never come to that ‘knowing’, however, if there is a persistence in following the  airy-fairy paths  of a pastel  coloured,  multi-cultural Isis, superimposed upon a tragic, Christ-like persona of Osiris. 
    
In many instances, the Egyptian Mystery Tradition has even been transposed into some New Age amalgam of Wicca that fits quite uncomfortably into 21st century political correctness as neo-pagans attempt to ‘project their own essence and grasp the mirage’ without  the  slightest  understanding  of  the antecedents of  this ancient god-power. To use Kurt Lange’s own imagery, we must penetrate to the very core of the nature of this age-old creative community if we want to walk in the shadow of their knowledge, wisdom and understanding.
 
One of the chief difficulties in the study of the religion of Khem has been the method of its presentation to the world, as Margaret Murray explained in The Splendour That Was Egypt. “The plurality of gods and the representation of the Deity, whether as an animal or as a human being with an animal’s or bird’s head, was shocking to the prophets of Israel, from whose denunciations many of the modern ideas of Egyptian religion have been taken.  Other adverse commentators were the Greek authors, the early Christian Fathers and many later Christian writers. 
    
“Milton voices the general feeling when he speaks of ‘the brutish gods of Egypt’, and says of Osiris ‘Naught but profoundest hell can be his shroud’.  The more modern writer is apt to be either shocked at the resemblances to Christianity or to treat the whole subject with slightly contemptuous levity, forgetting that this same religion had for thousands of years brought to its believers help in times of trouble, comfort in sorrow, and courage in the face of death.”
    
The obvious juxtaposition between the later Christian ethic and the neo-Osirian myth cannot be ignored, although early writers on the subject must have been acutely embarrassed by the similarities.  It is also impossible to ignore the marked similarities between recorded Egyptian mythology and the various adaptations adopted by nearly every other civilisation in the Western world as the different cultures evolved. 
    
Aeron Medbh-Mara’s observation concerning these ‘changes’ becomes even more pertinent as history records the esoteric or religious teaching spreading outwards from Egypt; being adapted to suit the climate and environment of other cults who sought to use older wisdom and pass it off as their own.  It is pure speculation, but since Africa has long been considered the ‘cradle of civilisation’, could Egypt (which is, after all, geographically part of Africa) be looked upon as the ‘cradle of God’?  
    
If the would-be neophyte still has problems in making the transition from Wicca (or any of the other traditions) then it may be necessary to reflect again on the warnings made by Murry Hope in Practical Egyptian Magic. “Egyptian magic can be approached in three ways. Intellectually, though a profound study of its philosophy, history, art, literature and traditions; through practical application; or a combination of both. It is not a static system, however, and will slowly lead the neophyte into deeper waters from which he can either retreat if he is unready, or proceed if he is of the right spiritual maturity.  Never be ashamed to admit that you found it necessary to leave it alone. It takes a wise man to be humble ... There will doubtless be many who will not find the Egyptian system suitable to their own spiritual or occult needs. Fair enough. Then make it in your own way and in your own time.”
 

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